How JA$100 for recycling 500ml Plastic bottles and Styrofoam Ban will save Jamaica's Environment

Finally, Jamaica is listening on no better day than Earth Day on Friday April 22nd 2016.

A Private Member's Motion in the works from G2K (Generation 2000) president Senator Matthew Samuda to ban plastics bags and styrofoam as reported in the article “Senator Pushes For Jamaica To Ban Plastic Bags, Styrofoam”, published Friday April 22, 2016, The Jamaica Gleaner.

Samuda claims he plans to bring the motion to parliament when a window of opportunity opens. Senator Matthew Samuda has made it clear that he believes that due to Jamaica’s inadequate recycling of plastics, styrofoam and plastic bags, particularly scandal bags are becoming a nuisance at landfills. For this reason a ban on plastic bags below 50 gallons would encourage local producers to make environmentally friendly plastic bags.

What got me excited really, is that this seems to be follow on of Guyana's decision to ban the importation of styrofoam as of Friday April 1st 2016 as noted in my blog article entitled “Why Guyana banning Styrofoam and How Jamaican Bee farmers can benefit”.  

But what would these environmentally friendly options be?

Senator Matthew Samuda imported plastics and styrofoam ban - Newspaper and Cardboard with beeswax in Biodegradable Packaging Industry

A ban on Plastics below a 50 Gallon capacity would basically include scandal bags. Similarly, a ban on Styrofoam would cut out the importation of the material commonly associated with lunch boxes in Jamaica.

The replacements options have to be locally made, biodegradable and be long lasting without including plastic. This would encourage local recycler of cardboard and paper such as Nationwide Waste Services Ltd as described in my blog article entitled “How Nationwide Waste Services Ltd makes money from Recycling Cardboard and Bauxite Topsoil” to consider making VAS (Value Added Products) from the raw material instead of just sending it abroad to be recycled.

50 gallon plastic container can be replaced with recycled newspaper, recycled paper and recycled woodchip bags coated with beeswax to make them more durable and waterproof. Cardboard food boxes, also coated with beeswax can also be made to replace styrofoam.

Both of these initiatives can be made right here in Jamaica and would be of benefit to the Newspaper companies, cardboard recyclers as well as to honeybee farmers as noted in my blog article entitled “Jamaican Honeybees and American FoulBrood Disease - How the Ministry of Agriculture ban on Imported Honey protects local Agriculture Industry” 

The ban on imported plastics and styrofoam would potentially create a multi-million dollar biodegradable packaging industry that would save our environment, including our coral reefs in the long run.

Improved collection using marked bins and milling machines – Reducing Garbage for easier recycling

A ban on imported plastics isn't just an opportunity to make money by creating a new industry to replace these imported items.

It can also expand the scope of the Recycle Now Jamaica Project to Recycle PETE Plastic launched back in 2014 as noted in my blog article entitled “How GOJ JA$200 million Recycle Now Jamaica Project to Recycle PETE Plastic Waste will power JEEP”. 

The companies involved in Recycle Now Jamaica Project recycle plastic, the Wisynco Group, Pepsi- Cola Jamaica, GraceKennedy Foods and Services, Jamaica Beverages, Lasco, Trade Winds Citrus, and Seprod recycle PET plastic for use in their own products. However, citizens need to be encouraged and empowered with ways to make money from recycling, as that is the best way to make recycling plastics a part of our thinking as Jamaicans.

The best way to do this is initially via legislation to make littering a more serious offense as JA$2,000 is way too low as noted in the article “Over 800 hauled before court for littering, dumping”, published Monday, January 18, 2016, The Jamaica Gleaner.

Once something more realistic, such as a JA$100,000 fine is in place, Jamaicans can then be encouraged to place different types of garbage into different bins as follows:

1.      Plastics

2.      Electronics

3.      Organic Waste

4.      Cardboard and Paper

5.      Metals

6.      Glass

The garbage bins themselves can be made from recycled material, be it plastic, Metal or even Bamboo, an idea sure to please the bamboo farmers in Peckham, Clarendon as noted in my blog article entitled “Bamboo Farming in Peckham, Clarendon – How Bamboo Farming boosts Clarendon Farming via Export of VAP”.

 

Most garbage collectors merely throw the garbage into the garbage trucks to be dumped at the Riverton City Dump. Instead of this traditional way of collecting garbage, the NSWMA could sell those trash compactor and replace them with cheaper panel Liteace Vanes retrofitted with a mini generators and a small milling machine for each type of garbage.

In order to reduce the cost of running these Liteace Vanes, they could be powered using biofuels such as recycled cooking oil reused as biodiesel as envisioned by the PCJ (Petroleum Corporation in Jamaica) in my blog article entitled “Why Biodiesel and Hydroelectric Power at PCJ's Alternative Energy Expo a must before 2020” 

This milling machine would be used to mill and reduce the different types of waste to a fine powder. This as the garbage collectors collecting the garbage from these specially marked bins would run the milling machine, pulverizing waste and storing in bins inside of the Liteace Vanes.

This is all possible, as the garbage collected currently isn’t compacted properly and would take up a lot less space if minced into smaller size.  

This would make it possible to collect a lot more garbage, as by masticating and mincing it into smaller pieces, it takes up less space and is easier to transport in a smaller vehicle, store and process for recycling. It would also be cost effective, as the Liteace Vanes would themselves be powered by recycled organic waste such as cooking oil converted into biodiesel, making the whole operation self-sustaining over the long run.

JA$100 value on 500ml bottles would encourage plastic recycling - Ban on microbeads needed as Coral Reefs also in danger

Aside from specially marked rubbish bins to place plastics, increasing the recycling value of plastics would also make sense.

This as by encouraging someone to return a plastic bottle, it reduced the cost of recovering it from the environment by the NSWMA as well as saving the environment so that Jamaicans and tourist can enjoy it!

So JA$100 per recycled 500ml bottle would make sense, as that would roughly be the cost for the NSWMA (National Solid Waste Management Authority) to not only remove plastics but also remove its potential long term effects on the environment, as plastics do not biodegrade. 

Then making it easy to get paid for recycling would also be great.

Recycling depots where you return a plastic bottle and get credited with JA$100 in any form you wish, be it to your bank account via mobile money or even to your phone credit or JUTC Smarter Card in exchange for Free Wi-Fi as explained in my blog article entitled “Why JUTC Wi-Fi by September 2016 means Digicel Mobile Money launch imminent” would speed up the rate at which plastics would be removed from the environment.

Hopefully along with banning plastics and styrofoam, Senator Matthew Samuda and other of similar thinking can pressure NEPA (National Environmental and Planning Agency) to ban bathing and washing products that contain microbeads as the US of A have done since December 2015 as noted in my blog article entitled “How US microbeads ban by 2017 means NEPA ban coming to protect Coral Reefs”.

Our future generations will thank us for this forward thinking initiative as JA$100 is a small price to pay to ensure Jamaica’s future survival.

How University of California, Irvine Mya Le Thai made Gold nanowire in Li-Ion Batteries last Forever

Serendipitous discoveries are quite the thing in science. In the case of university doctoral candidate Mya Le Thai, it may prove to be the discovery of a lifetime.

Researchers at the University of California, Irvine jointly along with nanostructure researchers at the University of Maryland have “discovered” a way to make gold nanowires last longer in a Li-Ion Battery assembly as reported in the article “UCI scientists stumble upon the key to never-ending batteries”, published April 22, 2016 By Rick Stella, Digitaltrends.

  

Their research was published in the on Wednesday April 20^th 2016 in the American Chemical Society’s Energy Letters. Interestingly, this video spins a better story than I could ever write, abstract and all.

Gold nanowires are used as filaments in Li-Ion batteries. As thin as a human hair, they're very fragile and break easily. When assembled into a Li-Ion Battery as connectors to carry electrical charge during charging/discharging, they usually break down after 5,000 to 6,000.

After the coating, the gold nanowires lasted for a whopping 200,000 charge/discharge cycles over a three (3) month period. Interestingly, the Li-Ion battery continued to charge/discharge without any drop in capacity or power output.

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So what evil force possessed university doctoral candidate Mya Le Thai to even think of adding more mass to something so delicate that probably cost a fortune to make at such a small level?

University of California, Irvine Mya Le Thai eternal Gold nanowire – How dipping it in manganese dioxide did the trick

This serendipitous discovery means Hydrogen Fuel Cell in your Apple iPhone as predicted in my blog article entitled “Intelligent Energy Hydrogen Fuel Cell for Apple - How Hydrogen can give Apple products weeks of battery life by 2017” will have to take a back seat.  

The coating that was added was manganese dioxide (MnO₂) which was then placed in an electrolyte gel. 

Possibly the manganese dioxide provided a well of extra electrons that prevented the normally fragile gold nanowire from breaking down as surmised in “All powered up”, published April 20 2016, University of California, Irvine News.

Or it may be as simple as making the gold nanowire more flexible and bendable as Mya Le Thai pointed out, quote: “The coated electrode holds its shape much better, making it a more reliable option. This research proves that a nanowire-based battery electrode can have a long lifetime and that we can make these kinds of batteries a reality.”

Whatever the cause for this boost in performance, Li-Ion Batteries with better performance may be only 2 to 5 years away after this get's thoroughly explained, an industrial process developed and then patent applications filed for potential uses.

How Respect Jamaica and UNICEF Survey suggest Mass Exodus of High School Leavers in 2016

Jamaican professionals connected to the Government of Jamaica's Public Sector are leaving the island in a slow trickle. Some 100,000 Jamaicans migrated to the US, Canada and the UK between the year 2010 and 2013.

So it might not surprise you to know that Jamaicans between the ages of 14 and 40 have already made up their minds to leave Jamaica as reported in the article “Anywhere But Afghanistan - 80% Of Jamaican Youngsters Want To Migrate”, published Sunday April 10, 2016, by Erica Virtue, The Jamaica Gleaner.

This was based on the result of a phone interview survey commissioned by Respect Jamaica and the local office of UNICEF. The Survey, which was done between Monday February 29^th 2016 and Thursday March 3^rd 2016, canvassed the opinions of 3,024 respondents from the Digicel customer base in Jamaica.

The results make for interesting reading:

1.      81% between the ages of 14 and 40 have the intention to leave Jamaica

2.      75% between 14 and 19 years old would leave for better opportunities

3.      83% between the ages of 20 and 25 would also go

4.      81% between 26 and 40 would seek out greener pastures overseas

Those findings were also consistent with a 2014 by the Centre for Leadership and Governance in the Department of Government at the University of the West Indies, Mona. They discovered that 49.3% young Jamaicans would give up their citizenship to gain educational and work opportunities in that country as reported in the article “Poll Says Jamaicans Are Eager To Leave Country”, published Wednesday February 11, 2015 by Gary Spaulding, The Jamaica Gleaner.

With a sample error of +/-3%, this can almost be said to be representative of the island of Jamaica as a whole. So is there any other study that can confirm this?

Respect Jamaica and the local office of UNICEF Survey - 14 and 40 packing their bags for Greener pastures

These findings mirror those of a January 2015 Gleaner-commissioned Bill Johnson poll as reported in the article “Poll Says Jamaicans Are Eager To Leave Country”, published Wednesday February 11, 2015 by Gary Spaulding, The Jamaica Gleaner.

In that poll of some 1,100 persons conducted between Saturday January 17^th to Sunday January 18^th 2015, the Gleaner-commissioned Bill Johnson poll discovered similar results:

1.      43% said that either they or person/s in their immediate families hoped to migrate to another country within the next five years or so

2.      39% indicated that no one in their families had signalled an interest in migrating

3.      18% indicated that they did now know

When broken down using the age demographic, the results become harrowingly similar across all age ranges as it relates to leaving Jamaica:

1.      44% of youth between the ages of 18 and 24 years indicated that they would fly out of Jamaica

2.      44% between the ages of 25 and 34 would leave

3.      46% between the ages of 35 and 44 would leave

As expected, those 55 and older were basically settled and had no such desire:

1.      33% of persons between 55 and 64 years would leave

2.      22% of Jamaicans 65 and over would leave

So where are they planning to go?

Jamaicans like the US, Canada and UK - The Middle East not yet on their Radar

The main choices for Immigrating Jamaicans were also not surprising:

1.      US

2.      Canada

3.      UK

This is confirmed by Kemario Davis, who falls in the 20-25 age group, quote: “Of course, if I had the chance right now, I would be looking towards Canada and the United States (US). There are better opportunities there, especially for education and em”.

Apparently anywhere except the Middle East is better, even the small islands, despite the Middle East paying far more money, to quote Mr. Davis: “If I see where I can go to some small island where I can get US$5,000 per month, it will be much better than staying here”.

He might want to reconsider that, as Saudi Arabia and UAE (United Arab Emirates) are hiring based on this facebook page New Jobsin Dubai.

University student André Stephens also has his sights set on these countries, quote: “Yes, I would migrate, especially to Canada, because of the opportunities for young professionals. There are opportunities for citizenship [as well as] work-and-study programmes in areas such as social work, which provide for a pension in later life. Here, there is stagnation. The 9-5 job cannot provide enough income, and all it does is ensure that you don't leave your parents' house”.

Not surprising, considering that many UWI students opt to do courses that will not make them employable based on a Graduate Tracer Study released by the UOPD (University Office of Planning and Development) in November 2015 as per my analysis in my blog article entitled “UOPD UWI Graduate Trace Study reveals Bad choices, Entrepreneurship and brain-drain in 2016”. 

Engineering, Medicine and Education, albeit more difficult, guarantee employment in Jamaica. But this is if you can even afford Tertiary education. High School leavers are therefore faced with having to work in a Call Center and still live with their parents.

This is a reality that can be very frustrating especially as the Government gives many jobs to foreigners despite increased FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) as explained my blog article entitled “FDI and Jamaican Work Permits granted to Foreigners – FDI increase when Infrastructure Project start due to Skilled Certified Labour Shortage”. 

So Engineering, Medicine and Education may not be safe after all, as many of these foreigners often do not leave when their work permits expire.

Migration among Professionals rising - Mass exodus of trained professionals and High School leavers in 2016

Still education is also having it own mini crisis as Mathematics and Science Teachers are leaving due to low salaries as argued by Educate Jamaica as noted in my blog article entitled “Why Educate Jamaica says JA$250,000 monthly for Ministry of Education Mathematics and Science Teachers”.  

Already teachers are leaving to get JA$5 million salaries in England as explained in my blog article entitled “How JA$5 million salaries in Britain means English Teacher Exodus from Ministry of Education”.  And nurses are also leaving as well as noted in my blog article entitled “Why Jamaican Nurses Exodus will increase if no improvement in Health Care Sector”.

So are we witnessing a coming mass exodus of not only trained professionals but also High School leavers in 2016?

How University of Texas Study suggests Coffee reduces Erectile Dysfunction in 20-y-o Men

“Even though we saw a reduction in the prevalence of erectile dysfunction with men who were obese, overweight and hypertensive, that was not true of men with diabetes. Diabetes is one of the strongest risk factors for erectile dysfunction, so this was not surprising”

Lead author Dr. David Lopez, assistant professor at UTHealth School of Public Health, said in a university news release on Research on coffee and Erectile Dysfunction

It is true what Frank Sinatra says; there's an awful lot of coffee in Brazil.

Coffee may also help reduce the risk of developing erectile dysfunction according to a study by University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston as reported in the article “Coffee Can Help Fight Erectile Dysfunction – Study”, published Wednesday April 13, 2016, The Jamaica Gleaner.

Looks like I'll have to start patronizing my favorite baristas at the Coffee shops in New Kingston and Half-Way-Tree more often as listed in my blog article entitled “Why I love Coffee Houses in Kingston - Great place for Secret Business Meetings in Kingston and St. Andrew”. 

The research, led by Assistant Professor at UTHealth School of Public Health Dr. David Lopez, found that as it relates to the risk of erectile dysfunction:

1.      20-y-o and older men who consumed 2 to 3 cups of coffee a day had a reduced risk

2.      Risk reduction was more strongly correlated with overweight 20-y-o men 

3.      Diabetic men show no reduction in their risk

This great news follows on the study published in November 2015 by the Harvard University Chan School of Public Health that suggested that heavy coffee drinkers had a reduced risk dying from hereditary lifestyle diseases as explained in my blog article entitled “Why Harvard University Chan School of Public Health says Coffee reduces hereditary lifestyle disease risk”. 

So how did the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston discover coffee had the ability to make you rise to the occasion?

University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and coffee - 3,700 men Salute the Benefits of Drinking Coffee

The study done by Dr. Lopez and his team involved digging into the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and looking at the records of some 3,700 men as noted in the article “Coffee could reduce risk of erectile dysfunction”, published May 21, 2015 by Robert Preidt, CBS News. 

The study targeted men 20 years and older, who had an 18% risk of developing erectile dysfunction. In that survey, the men were asked to recall their coffee drinking habits in previous 24 hours.

However, from the outset, the clear culprit was Caffeine, which the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) regulates as it can kill in excess as noted in my blog article entitled “FDA to regulate Caffeine after Ohio Resident overdoses and dies - How Chocolate and Cocoa are healthier alternatives as No Caffeine High from Dark Chocolate”. 

To this end, the study used average coffee drinker who drank zero to 7 milligrams of caffeine a day as a control group or baseline, with anything above being considered heavy coffee drinking.

The results discovered by these data scientists were quite interesting:

1.      42% were less likely to report erectile dysfunction if the drank 85 to 170 milligrams of caffeine a day

2.      39% were less likely to report erectile dysfunction if the drank 171 to 303 milligrams of caffeine a day

So why does this happen?

The Vasodilatory effect of Caffeine - Drinking Coffee is good for you in moderation

The 85 to 170 milligrams of caffeine a day translates to roughly two to three cups of coffee a day, establishing the relationship. However, the reason why this statistical relationship exists is still unproven.

According to study co-author Dr Run Wang, one possible explanation is that caffeine has a vasodilatory effect; it relaxes aeries in the penis and causes blood to flow, making erection possible, somewhat similar to Viagra.

The comments of Dr. David Samadi, chair of urology at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City support this theory, as he suspects that caffeine before sex causes more  the cavernous smooth muscle tissue in the penis to relax, allowing increased blood flow to the make the penis rise to the occasion, quote: “More research is needed, but what scientists think is happening here is that coffee and caffeine are causing cavernous smooth muscle tissue (found in the penis) to relax, allowing more blood flow to the area and leading to improved erectile function”.

Interestingly too, the U.S. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee already touts drinking three to five cups daily as a way to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease, to quote Dr. Natan Bar-Chama, director of Male Reproductive Medicine at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City: “These findings also support the latest U.S. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee position that drinking three to five cups a day reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease; two conditions that are well established as significant risk factors for erectile dysfunction”.

So, coffee drinking and in fact drinking any drink that has Caffeine in it may be good after all, so long as you don't exceed the limit of three to five cups daily as per the U.S. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. Would be interesting to discover why caffeine has this effect, as it might mean Caffeine may be a cheaper alternative to Viagra.

Why Biodiesel and Hydroelectric Power at PCJ's Alternative Energy Expo a must before 2020

“We have one objective, which is to identify and exploit Jamaica's indigenous Energy resources to secure affordable supplies for the nation....We see this event as an effective vehicle for fulfilling the ultimate goal of all our public education efforts, which is to foster a population that uses Energy efficiently and wisely”

PCJ's Group Chief Financial Officer, Robert Clarke at the annual PCJ-sponsored Jamaica Alternative Energy Expo at The Jamaica Pegasus hotel, New Kingston, on Thursday April 7th 2016.

The JUTC (Jamaica Urban Transit Corporation) might soon be running on biofuel after all.

This as the PCJ (Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica) is researching the use of biodiesel as a fuel for the JUTC buses as reported in the article “PCJ Researching Biodiesel As Transport Fuel”, published Friday April 8, 2016, by McPherse Thompson, The Jamaica Gleaner.

This came to light at the annual PCJ-sponsored Jamaica Alternative Energy Expo at The Jamaica Pegasus hotel, New Kingston, on Thursday April 7^th 2016. The Jamaica Alternative Energy Expo is a showcase of Alternative Energy Technologies, products and solutions designed to reduce Energy usage and cost. The two day Expo saw some 40 organizations mount display booths for two days up until Friday April 8^th 2016.

Apparently the PCJ, on behalf of the Ministry of Science, Technology, Energy and Mining is looking into using vegetable or animal fat-based oil as Biodiesel that are reacted with alcohol producing fatty acid esters. The resulting moisture of esters and oils makes for a combustible mixture that is lead free and burns more cleanly than Diesel from petroleum.

In fact it can obtained from the recycling Cooking Oil as explained in my blog article entitled  “UWI and YCWJ team up to Recycle Waste Cooking Oil - How to make National Bio-Diesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil”.

So why the sudden interest being shown by the PCJ in biofuels even though we're now experiencing Oil prices as low as US$26 per barrel as pointed out in my blog article entitled “US$50 per barrel Oil from OPEC – Why Ford Motors is predicting a bright future for All-Electric Vehicles”.

PCJ's Jamaica Alternative Energy Expo - Why Renewables are a must before 2020 as Oil prices set to Rise

It's set to get worse now that OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) cannot achieve consensus on an output freeze from Iran as noted in the article “Top oil countries fail to reach deal on production freeze”, published April 17, 2016 by Charles Riley and John Defterios, CNN Money.

So Jamaica’s interest in Biofuels may seem puzzling. however, the reality is that the low oil prices are temporary; as soon as world demand rises to meet the current glut of oil on the market, prices may rise as high as US$300 a barrel by 2020 as predicted in my blog article entitled “Why Jamaican Private Sector funding Oil Exploration by Tullow Oil for US$300 per barrel in 2020”.

The Ministry of Science, Technology, Energy and Mining and the PCJ are using this opportunity to basically diversify the Energy mix in Jamaica away from cheap Oil so that when the price of oil rises by 2020, we would have been getting the majority of our Energy needs from Alternative or Renewable Energy.

Sources. So says permanent secretary in the Science ministry, Hillary Alexander, quote: “Alternative Energy sources are of great value, particularly as the global conversation on Energy is taking a more serious look at issues related to climate change and cleaner Energy sources”

For that reason, Energy diversification also includes looking into Alternative Energy options as follows:

1.      Biomass Energy

2.      Wind Energy

3.      Solar Energy

4.      Geothermal Energy

5.      Hydroelectric Energy

6.      Tidal Energy

7.      Wave Energy

8.      Wood Energy

No matter the form that the Alternative Energy Source takes, it has to ultimately be converted either into Electricity to power businesses and homes or Biofuel to power vehicle and Electricity generating facilities. PCJ's Group Chief Financial Officer, Robert Clarke says that they're also looking in other sources of Renewable Energy on the list and Hydroelectricity one of them.

Hydroelectric Energy in Jamaica - Alternative Energy is Jamaica's long term savior from Imported Oil

Despite the fact that Hydroelectric Power is somewhat prone to fluctuations in the water levels of rivers due to drought as noted in my blog article entitled “JPSCo says Hydroelectric down 15% - Solar and Wind fill 115MW Renewable Energy Contract” the OUR (Office of Utilities Regulation) has plans for a 2 MW hydroelectric power plant in Laughlands Great River in St Ann is still seen as feasible.

The Energy potential of Hydroelectric Power form this particular project is huge, as it may mean a lot of households being supplied with hydroelectric power, to quote Robert Clarke: “If our proposal is approved, our hydro project could potentially supply an average of 13,002 megawatt hours of Energy to the grid each year”.

There are other plans aside from Jamaica going Renewables by 2020:

1.      Enforcement of Energy-efficiency standards and codes for appliances and buildings

2.      50% reduction of Energy consumption in new buildings

3.      Ensuring that all new buildings use zero net Energy by 2025

The BCJ (Bureau of Standards Jamaica) is already coming up with regulation as it relates to the importation of Electronics and Appliances as noted in my blog article entitled “BSJ's Energy Standards for Imported Electrical Appliances - Why a Ban on Light Bulbs may lead to Chinese Manufacturing in Jamaica”. 

Hopefully they'll eventually ban the importation of Fluorescent and incandescent bulbs. Also A switch to using Hydrogen to replace Cooking gas would also cut our fuel importation bill as noted in my blog article entitled “UTECH and Hydrogen as Cooking Gas – How Hydride Salts make Hydrogen Cooking Gas and Fuel Cells possible”. 

Finally making Biofuel into an industry in Jamaica could help to solve out islands problem with Organic Waste and our Landfill problem as argued in my blog article entitled “Why Knockalva Enterprises Limited can solve Jamaica's Organic Waste, Bio-Fuel and Water Problem”. 

Alternative Energy is Jamaica's long term saviour from Imported Oil. The PCJ’s efforts to diversify Jamaica’s Energy mix towards mainly Renewables will give us the Energy stability and lower prices that encourage manufacturing that are needed for our economy to grow.

Here’s the link:

Jamaica Alternative Energy Expo

Alternative Energy