“Having
a computer that can trick a human into thinking that someone, or even
something, is a person we trust is a wake-up call to cybercrime”
Kevin Warwick of the
University of Reading commenting on the Russian chatbot Eugene Goostman passing
the Turing Test for the First time
At
this point I won’t go into a history lesson as to who Alan Turing was, as
that’s easy to Google and he’s quite famous, really. Turing’s Test, however, is
his most important contribution to the field of Cybernetics, that is, Computer
Systems designed to replace human beings in the Working World. Even more
impressive is that this Test was developed at a time when most computers, such
as the MARK II and ENIAC were nothing more than gigantic adding and calculation
machines.
Defining
human thinking is a difficult thing. So he sidestepped that issues and made it
simple; fool a human in a double Blind Test that they were taking to another
human by mixing up the human interrogators with the computer that was trying to
pretend to be human but not revealing their identities to the interrogator.
During all this time, the scientists observing the conversations would keep
track of who is talking to whom.
After
the interrogation, they’d be quizzed. If the interrogator was convinced he was
talking to a human, yet at the time the persons was a machine, then in all
purposes the machine had passed the Test and could be said to be Artificially
Intelligent. To use the specific criteria of Alan Turing’s Test, he predicted
that by the year 2000 the average interrogator would be sufficiently skilled to
guess correctly only 70% of the time the correct identity of the persons they
were interrogating during a quick five minute conversation. That meant 30% of
the time, they'd get it wrong and assume that the person they were talking to was
human, when in fact it was a machine.
These
strict criteria would mean that the interrogator would have to be someone of
the highest level of intellect and be a skilled interrogator, able to get
information out of anyone, preferably a highly trained Police Interrogator.
They'd be conversing over a computer terminal with the person via an IM
(Instant Messaging) Platform or other media to simulate human conversation for
five minutes. Also, the person they were talking to would have to be hidden in
such as a manner that they'd not know if the person they're talking to was
human or machine.
Easy
for any skilled interrogator, but very difficult for the Average Joe online,
who has to contend with 61% of conversations online being potentially with Bot
Programs that can already mimic human conversation according to analyst
Incapsula in my Geezam blog article
entitled “61%
of all Traffic on the Internet is generated by bots”.
Russians spoof Turing
Test - Eugene Goostman, the 13-y-o Chatbot from Odessa, Ukraine
After
64 years of Turing Tests since the 1950’s in 2014 history was made as detailed
in “Computer
passes the Turing Test”, published June 9th 2014 by Rexly Penaflorida, PC Magazine. Enter the character Eugene Goostman, a chatbot
designed by Russian Researcher Vladimir Vesolov and Ukranian Eugene Demchenko,
their program Eugene Goostman
was based on idea of a 13 year old boy who spoke very little English.
Clever
design for a chatbot; effectively not only is he bad at communication, but his
bi-lingualism, which would be evident during conversation, suggests to the
interrogator that he'd be fairly westernized. Displaying a lack of knowledge
would suggest to the interrogator that he was dealing with a fairly young
person, evidence once the interrogator asked him his age and his behavior
confirmed the same.
The
Turing Test was conducted on Saturday June 7th 2014 at the Royal
Society in London, England in front of 30 Judges. That date should have some
resonance with fans of Alan Turning's work; that's his birthday and is also
seven months after he had allegedly been caught having sex with another man.
For this act, he had been charged with gross indecency, the penalty for which
at the time was Chemical Castration.
But
his test survives him and now, it's been cracked by Russian Vladimir Vesolov
and Ukranian Eugene Demchenko's Eugene
Goostman, who managed to deceive the 30 interrogators more than 32% of the
time, quite a feat I must say. Many reading this would of course be skeptical,
as obviously they'd say the researchers Russian Vladimir Vesolov and Ukranian
Eugene Demchenko cheated by making such a character.
After
all, if his English is bad, he'd be very difficult to talk to, making his
character more believable. Worse, as the interrogator got more into the
conversation, he'd realize he's talking to a kid, based on his level of
knowledge, meaning that the conversation wasn't evenly matched.
Never
mind the fact that the Turing Test wasn't beaten by a supercomputer, as this is
human conversation over a computer terminal, not a chess match or Natural
Language Communication over the phone as described in my blog
article entitled “IBM's
Watson soon to be a Watson Engagement Advisor in Call Centers - The Internship
of Ask Watson 40% faster search puts Customer Service Agents in Jeopardy at The
World’s End” which IBM's Watson, despite its sophistication, would not ace.
Human conversation over a computer terminal via text on a screen is something
even a basic computer set up as a Server can simulate very well.
Turing Test Turned up
for Natural Language - How to spot a chatbot online
You
can imagine what this basically means.
The
Question on the minds of many at this point is how can you tell if you’re
talking to a human anymore online? Even without being fully Artificially
intelligent, if a computer program can deceive a highly intelligent and skilled
human interrogator, then what of the rest of us in society that casually go
about our business online?
We'd
basically be sitting ducks for scambots and AI's that would appear to be as
human as we are. To the very gullible, they may even be able to get them to
solicit personal information about themselves, even send them a link to a website
that will ask them to solicit their Credit Card information after pretending to
be a pretty female offering them some great financial advice.
Already,
Bot programs have been known to have Social Networking profiles on Facebook,
even soliciting friendship from people. Heck, they can even beat the reCAPTCHA
system that's supposed to discriminate between humans and machines, a discovery
made by Google Street View Research Team only recently as stated in my blog article entitled
“Google
Street View Research indicates CAPTCHA and reCAPTCHA are machine readable –
Bots can take over the Earth with Refridgerator Sentinels in Days of Future
Past”.
I
think the next Turing Test should be done in Natural Language, such as English
or Spanish. That way, it’s not only raising the Bar for the Turing Test, but test
how well how Natural Language based AI’s have come along.
We
already have Real-Time Translation of Voice Conversations no on offer by
Microsoft’s Skype Translator as described in my blog article entitled
“Microsoft
Launches Skype Translator – Star Trek Universal Translator to foster Real-Time
Global Village against WhatsApp”. So it shouldn’t be hard to develop a
version of the Turing Test that involves actually speaking to someone in a
Natural Language over Skype and seeing if it can beat the Turing Test under
those conditions.
In
the meantime, fancy your chances against Eugene Goostman? Then click
on his name in my blog article or just go to the link as shown below:
http://www.princetonai.com/bot/bot.jsp
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